Mark 15:22

Mark 15:22-28 . They bring him, unto the place Golgotha — See these verses elucidated in the notes on Matthew 27:33-44 . When they had crucified him, they parted his garments — Mark seems to intimate, that they first nailed him to the cross, then parted his garments, and afterward reared up the cross. The English word to crucify, denotes properly, to put to death by nailing to the cross; but the Greek word σταυροω , here used, means no more than to fasten to the cross with nails. In strict propriety, we should not say, a man cried out after he was crucified, but after he was nailed to the cross. And it was the third hour — Or nine o’clock in the morning, when they thus brought him to mount Calvary. John says, it was about the sixth hour, even when he was condemned to be crucified. “But then, it must be observed, that the Greek manuscripts produced by Camerarius, Beza, and R.

Stephanus, read in John, ωσει τριτη , about the third hour; that Nonnus seems to have read so, his paraphrase running after this manner, the third hour was not yet past; that Theophylact contends it ought to be so read, and that because the three other evangelists unanimously say that the darkness began at the sixth hour, which yet began not, till after our Lord had hung upon the cross some considerable time; till after the soldiers had divided his garments, the Jews had mocked him, and bid him come down from the cross, and the discourse had passed between the two thieves among themselves, and between the repenting thief and our Lord. And lastly, the author of the Constantinopolitan Chronicle saith expressly, that the exacter copies, and the manuscript of St. John, kept till his time at Ephesus, read ωρα ωσει τριτη , about the third hour. See Jerome on Psalms 77. And the change from γ , the third, to ζ , the sixth, is so easy, that this may very reasonably be owned in the later copies of John’s gospel; especially if we consider how punctual Mark is in the enumeration of the hours, saying, it was the third hour, and they crucified him, or began to lead him away to be crucified; and, Mark 15:33 , when the sixth hour was come, from that time there was darkness over the whole land till the ninth hour; and, Mark 15:34 , at the ninth hour Jesus expired.” — Whitby.

Mark 15:22-27 . See on Matthew 27:33-38 . Comp. Luke 23:33 f., who here narrates summarily, but yet not without bringing in a deeply vivid and original trait ( Mark 15:34 ), and has previously the episode of the daughters of Jerusalem. τὸν Γολγοθᾶ τόπον ] Γολγ . corresponds to the subsequent κρανίου , and is therefore to be regarded as a genitive . According to Mark, the place was called the “ place of Golgotha, ” which name ( ὅ ) interpreted is equivalent to “ place of a skull .” Mark 15:23 . ἐδίδουν ] they offered . This is implied in the imperfect . See Bernhardy, p. 373. ἐσμυρνισμ .] See, on this custom of giving to criminals wine mingled with myrrh or similar bitter and strong ingredients for the purpose of blunting their sense of feeling, Wetstein in loc.; Dougtaeus, Anal. II. p. 42. Mark 15:24 . ἐπʼ αὐτά ] according to Psalm 22:19 : upon them (the clothes were lying there), as Acts 1:26 . Whether the casting of the lot was done by dice, or by the shaking of the lot-tokens in a vessel (helmet), so that the first that fell out decided for the person indicated by it (see Duncan, Lex. , ed. Rost, p. 635), is a question that must be left open. τίς τί ἄρῃ ] i.e. who should receive anything, and what he was to receive . See, on this blending of two interrogative clauses, Bernhardy, p. 444; Ellendt, Lex. Soph. II. p. 824; Winer, p. 553 [E. T. 783]. Mark 15:25 . This specification of time (comp.

Mark 15:33 ), which is not, with Baur and Hilgenfeld, to be derived from the mere consideration of symmetry (of the third hour to that of Mark 15:33 ), is in keeping with Matthew 27:45 ; Luke 23:44 . As to the difference, however, from John 19:14 , according to which, at about the sixth hour, Jesus still stood before Pilate, and as to the attempts at reconciliation made in respect thereof, see on John. καὶ ἐστ . αὐτ .] ἐστ . is not to be translated as a pluperfect (Fritzsche), but: and it was the third hour, and they crucified Him , i.e. when they crucified Him; [175] as also in classical writers after the specification of the time the fact is often linked on by the simple καί . See Thuc. i. 50, iii. 108; Xen. Anab. ii. 1. 7, vii. 4. 12. Comp. on Luke 19:43 . Stallbaum, ad Plat. Symp. p. 220 C. [175] Euthymius Zigabenus here gives a warning illustration of forced harmonizing: ἦν δέ , φησιν , ὥφα τρίτη , ὅτε δηλονότι ἤρξατο πάσχειν ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν τοῦ Πιλάτου . Εἶτα τὸ ἑξῆς ἀναγνωστέον καθʼ ἑαυτό · καὶ ἐσταύρωσαν αὐτὸν , ἐν ἕκτῃ δηλαδὴ ὥρᾳ . So also Luther in his gloss, and Fr. Schmid; comp. Calovius: “hora tertia inde a traditione Pilato facta .” With more shrewdness Grotius suggests: “jam audita erat tuba horae tertiae, quod dici solebat donec caneret tuba horae sextae .” In the main even at this day Roman Catholics (see Friedlieb and Bisping) similarly still make out of the third hour the second quarter of the day (9 to 12 o’clock).

Mark 15:22 . φέρουσιν α ., they carry Him: “ferunt, non modo ducunt,” Bengel. It would appear that Jesus was so weak through the strain of the last few days, and the scourging, that He was unable to walk, not to speak of carrying His cross. He had to be borne as the sick were borne to Him ( Mark 1:32 ).

22 . the place Golgotha ] St Mark gives the explanation of the Hebrew word “Golgotha.” St Luke omits it altogether. It was a bare hill or rising ground on the north or north-west of the city, having the form on its rounded summit of a skull , whence its name. It was ( a ) apparently a well-known spot; ( b ) outside the gate (comp. Hebrews 13:12 ); but ( c ) near the city ( John 19:20 ); ( d ) on a thoroughfare leading into the country ( Luke 23:26 ); and ( e ) contained a “garden” or “orchard” ( John 19:41 ). From the Vulgate rendering of Luke 23:33 , “Et postquam venerunt in locum, qui vocatur Calvariæ ” (= a bare skull , “the place of Caluarie ,” Wyclif), the word Calvary has been introduced into the English Version, obscuring the meaning of the Evangelist. There is nothing in the name to suggest the idea that the remains of malefactors who had been executed were strewn about, for the Jews always buried them.

Verse 22. - And they bring him ( φέρουσιν ); literally, they bear him. At ver. 20 another word has been used ἐξάγουσιν "they lead him out." It seems as though, when they had reached the gate of the city, they saw symptoms that our Lord was fainting under his burden; and so they pressed Simon into the service, that he might be ready to assist. At first our Lord carried his own cross. Tradition says (Cornelius a Lapide) that the cross was fifteen feet long, the transverse limb being eight feet; and that he so carried it that the upper portion rested on his shoulder, while the foot of the cross trailed on the ground. When they saw that he was breaking down under the weight of the cross, they laid it on Simon, that they might the more quickly reach the place of crucifixion . The place Golgotha, which is, being interpreted, The place of a skull. "Golgotha" is a Hebrew, or rather Chaldaic, word, applied to the skull on account of its roundness, that being the idea which lies in the root of the word. The Greek equivalent to the word is Κρανίον ; and this is rendered in the Vulgate, Calvaria , a skull, from calva , bald. St.

Luke is the only evangelist in whose Gospel ( Luke 23:33 ) this word is rendered "Calvary." In the Revised Version it is rendered "the skull" The place was so called, either from its having been the spot where executions ordinarily took place (though in this case we might have expected to find it called τόπος κρανίων rather than κρανίον ); or, more probably, it was derived from the configuration of the place itself, perhaps a round-like mound, or knoll, sufficiently elevated to be seen at a little distance and by a large number. As to the actual site of Golgotha, recent researches seem to have done much to confirm the ancient tradition. The Bordeaux pilgrim, A.D. 333, says, "On the left side of the original Church of the Holy Sepulchre is the hillock ( monticulus ) Golgotha, where the Lord was crucified. Hence, about a stone's throw distant, is the crypt where his body was deposited." St. Cyril of Jerusalem alludes to the spot frequently, and there was no doubt about it in the time of Eusebius, A.D. 315. Professor Willis says that the rock of Calvary still stands up, some fifteen feet above the pavement. "It appears likely," he says, "that in its original state this rock was part of a little swell of the ground that jutted out from the slope of Sepulchre Street, and probably always formed a somewhat abrupt view on the west and south sides" (see 'Speaker's Commentary' on St. Matthew).