Deuteronomy 1:22

1:19-46 Moses reminds the Israelites of their march from Horeb to Kadesh-barnea, through that great and terrible wilderness. He shows how near they were to a happy settlement in Canaan. It will aggravate the eternal ruin of hypocrites, that they were not far from the kingdom of God. As if it were not enough that they were sure of their God before them, they would send men before them. Never any looked into the Holy Land, but they must own it to be a good land. And was there any cause to distrust this God? An unbelieving heart was at the bottom of all this. All disobedience to God's laws, and distrust of his power and goodness, flow from disbelief of his word, as all true obedience springs from faith. It is profitable for us to divide our past lives into distinct periods; to give thanks to God for the mercies we have received in each, to confess and seek the forgiveness of all the sins we can remember; and thus to renew our acceptance of God's salvation, and our surrender of ourselves to his service. Our own plans seldom avail to good purpose; while courage in the exercise of faith, and in the path of duty, enables the believer to follow the Lord fully, to disregard all that opposes, to triumph over all opposition, and to take firm hold upon the promised blessings.

And ye came near unto me everyone of you,.... Not every individual of them, but the heads of their tribes, that represented them; this is not to be understood of the present generation personally, but of their fathers, who all died in the wilderness, save a very few of them; but they being the same people and nation, it is so expressed: and said, we will send men before us; that is, they thought it was proper and prudent so to do, and came to Moses to consult him about it; for we are not to suppose that they had determined upon it, whether he approved of it or not: and they shall search us out the land: that they might know what sort of land it was, whether good or bad, fruitful or not, and whether woody or not: see Numbers 13:19. and bring us word again by what way we must go up; or, "concerning the way (m) in which we must go"; which is the best way of entering it, most easy and accessible, where the passes are most open and least dangerous: and into what cities we shall come; which it would be the most proper to attack and subdue first. (m) , "de via", Noldius, p. 117. No. 594. so the Arabic version, Junius & Tremellius, Piscator.

(22) And ye came near . . . and said, We will send. —A new aspect is here given to the sending of the twelve spies. In Numbers 13:1 the incident is introduced thus: “And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying, Send thou men.” We learn here that the proposal in the first instance came from the people. Moses would naturally refer it to Jehovah; and, when approved, the scheme was carried out. They shall search us out the land, and bring us word again by what way we must go up, and into what cities we shall come.—We read in Deuteronomy 1:33 that the Lord “went in the way before them to search out a place” for them to encamp in. But here the spies and Israel proposed to take the guidance of their march into their own hands. It is noticeable that in the campaigns of Joshua, not one step was taken without Divine direction. Thus the sending of the twelve spies, in the light in which the people intended it, was an act of unbelief. “In this thing (Deuteronomy 1:32) ye did not believe the Lord your God.” (See also Note on Joshua 2:1.)

The plan of sending the spies originated with the people; and, as in itself a reasonable one, it approved itself to Moses; it was submitted to God, sanctioned by Him, and carried out under special divine direction. The orator's purpose in this chapter is to bring before the people emphatically their own responsibilites and behavior. It is therefore important to remind them, that the sending of the spies, which led immediately to their complaining and rebellion, was their own suggestion. The following verses to the end of the chapter give a condensed account, the fuller one being in Numbers 13-14, of the occurrences which led to the banishment of the people for 40 years into the wilderness.

22-33. ye came … and said, We will send men before us, and they shall search us out the land—The proposal to despatch spies emanated from the people through unbelief; but Moses, believing them sincere, gave his cordial assent to this measure, and God on being consulted permitted them to follow the suggestion (see on [111]Nu 13:1). The issue proved disastrous to them, only through their own sin and folly.

22 . And ye came near unto me … and said ] The proposal to send spies is here attributed to the people, Moses consenting (see next verse). In P, Numbers 13:1 f., it is a divine command. There is no discrepancy of fact; but the difference of standpoint in describing the fact is instructive, and ought to be noticed along with other instances in D of the people’s initiative. JE has nothing on the origin of the mission of the spies; but the beginning of its narrative of the episode is broken (see above). This is one of four facts given in D of which no notice is found in JE; the other three are also given in P: (1) that the spies were twelve, Deuteronomy 1:23 ; Numbers 13:2 ; (2) that those who went down to Egypt with Jacob were seventy, Deuteronomy 10:22 ; Genesis 46:27 ; Exodus 1:5 ; (3) that the ark was of acacia wood, Deuteronomy 10:3 ; Exodus 25:10 . See Introd. § 3. that they may search ] Heb. ḥaphar , lit. to dig; to explore , only here and Joshua 2:2 f.; JE has see and P uses the verb tûr, to go about, travel either for spying or for trading. the land ] JE, Numbers 13:18 ff.; land and people ; P, Numbers 13:2 land of Canaan . the way … and the cities ] J, Numbers 13:19 , what cities they dwell in, whether in camps or strongholds . Deuteronomy 1:22

20 . Ye are come unto the hill-country of the Amorites ] See on Deuteronomy 1:7 . If Ḳadesh be ‘Ain Ḳudeis, the Negeb still lay between Israel and the Mt of the Amorite as J, Numbers 13:17 b , 22, correctly notices. The omission here is due to the summary character of the review, and has no bearing on the position of Ḳadesh. giveth ] Heb. giving with the force of is about to give : followed by ground or land , it forms a phrase peculiar to D. See on Deuteronomy 1:8 . 20–25. The Mission of the Spies Arrived at the Mt of the Amorite, promised them by God, and exhorted to invade it ( Deuteronomy 1:20 f.), the people proposed that spies be sent forward to explore ( Deuteronomy 1:22 ). Moses consented and took twelve men ( Deuteronomy 1:23 ), who visited the vale of ’Eshkôl and brought back of its fruit, saying the land was good ( Deuteronomy 1:24 f.).—The parallel passage is Numbers 13, for the analysis of which into JE and P see Chapman, Introd. to the Pent. (86 ff.), in this series, and cp. Oxf. Hex. and G. B. Gray in the Int. Crit. Com . To JE are generally assigned Deuteronomy 1:17 bc – Deuteronomy 1:21 a , Deuteronomy 1:22-24 , Deuteronomy 1:26-29 : the beginning of this account with the start of the spies from Ḳadesh is probably broken off; it is implied in Deuteronomy 1:26 . As it stands all that JE tells us is that the spies started after Israel had reached the wilderness of Paran, Numbers 12:16 , while Ḳadesh was in the wilderness of Sin to the N. of that of Paran.

Everything had been done on the part of God and Moses to bring Israel speedily and safely to Canaan. The reason for their being compelled to remain in the desert for forty years was to be found exclusively in their resistance to the commandments of God. The discontent of the people with the guidance of God was manifested at the very first places of encampment in the desert ( Numbers 11 and 12); but Moses passed over this, and simply reminded them of the rebellion at Kadesh ( Numbers 13 and 14), because it was this which was followed by the condemnation of the rebellious generation to die out in the wilderness. Deuteronomy 1:19-25 "When we departed from Horeb, we passed through the great and dreadful wilderness, which ye have seen," i.e., become acquainted with, viz., the desert of et Tih, "of the way to the mountains of the Amorites, and came to Kadesh-Barnea" (see at Numbers 12:16). הלך, with an accusative, to pass through a country (cf. Deuteronomy 2:7; Isaiah 50:10, etc.). Moses had there explained to the Israelites, that they had reached the mountainous country of the Amorites, which Jehovah was about to give them; that the land lay before them, and they might take possession of it without fear (Deuteronomy 1:20, Deuteronomy 1:21). But they proposed to send out men to survey the land, with its towns, and the way into it.

Moses approved of this proposal, and sent out twelve men, one from each tribe, who went through the land, etc. (as is more fully related in Numbers 13, and has been expounded in connection with that passage, Deuteronomy 1:22-25). Moses' summons to them to take the land (Deuteronomy 1:20, Deuteronomy 1:21) is not expressly mentioned there, but it is contained implicite in the fact that spies were sent out; as the only possible reason for doing this must have been, that they might force a way into the land, and take possession of it. In Deuteronomy 1:25, Moses simply mentions so much of the report of the spies as had reference to the nature of the land, viz., that it was good, that he may place in immediate contrast with this the refusal of the people to enter in.

[Bible] 1:14. Then you answered me: The thing is good which thou meanest to do. 1:15. And I took out of your tribes men wise and honourable, and appointed them rulers, tribunes, and centurions, and officers over fifties, and over tens, who might teach you all things. 1:16. And I commanded them, saying: Hear them, and judge that which is just: whether he be one of your country, or a stranger. 1:17. There shall be no difference of persons, you shall hear the little as well as the great: neither shall you respect any man's person, because it is the judgment of God. And if any thing seem hard to you, refer it to me, and I will hear it. 1:18. And I commanded you all things that you were to do. 1:19. And departing from Horeb, we passed through the terrible and vast wilderness, which you saw, by the way of the mountain of the Amorrhite, as the Lord our God had commanded us. And when we were come into Cadesbarne, 1:20. I said to you: You are come to the mountain of the Amorrhite, which the Lord our God will give to us. 1:21. See the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee: go up and possess it, as the Lord our God hath spoken to thy fathers: fear not, nor be any way discouraged. 1:22. And you came all to me, and said: Let us send men who may view the land, and bring us word what way we shall go up, and to what cities we shall go. 1:23. And because the saying pleased me, I sent of you twelve men, one of every tribe: 1:24. Who, when they had set forward and had gone up to the mountains, came as far as the valley of the cluster: and having viewed the land, 1:25. Taking of the fruits thereof, to shew its fertility, they brought them to us, and said: The land is good, which the Lord our God will give us. 1:26. And you would not go up, but being incredulous to the word of the Lord our God, 1:27. You murmured in your tents, and said: The Lord hateth us, and therefore he hath brought us out of the land of Egypt, that he might deliver us into the hand of the Amorrhite, and destroy us.