1 Samuel 20:27

20:24-34 None were more constant than David in attending holy duties; nor had he been absent, but self-preservation obliged him to withdraw. In great peril present opportunities for Divine ordinances may be waved. But it is bad for us, except in case of necessity, to omit any opportunity of statedly attending on them. Jonathan did wisely and well for himself and family, to secure an interest in David, yet for this he is blamed. It is good to take God's people for our people. It will prove to our advantage at last, however it may now be thought against our interest. Saul was outrageous. What savage beasts, and worse, does anger make men!

And it came to pass on the morrow, which was the second day of the month,.... The Targum is,"and it was on the day after it, which was the intercalation of the second month;''when the beginning of the month was judged of by the appearance of the moon, and there was a difficulty about that, what day it appeared on, two days were kept for it; and Abarbinel (e) is clear for it, that two days were kept in this month; but if this was not the case, since the remainder of peace offerings might be eaten the next day, Leviticus 7:16 . Saul and his guests might meet on the second day for that purpose: that David's place was empty: on that day also: and Saul said to Jonathan his son; who he knew was David's friend and confident, and could give the best account of him: wherefore cometh not the son of Jesse to meat, neither yesterday nor today; he accounted for his not coming yesterday, because he supposed he might be under some ceremonial uncleanness; but then that only lasted to the evening of that day; but not coming the second day when he was clean, he inquires after him; and not owning him for his son-in-law, by way of contempt, and to lessen him in the esteem of all at table, he calls him the son of Jesse. (e) Comment. in Exodus 12.

1 Samuel 20:27-28 . Wherefore cometh not the son of Jesse? — So he calls him in contempt and scorn, to mark the meanness of his original, and as not deigning to call him by his proper name. Neither yesterday nor to-day — For the uncleanness that came by some accident usually lasted but for one day. David earnestly asked leave of me — Which he, being next to the king, it is likely, had power to grant, as appears from Saul’s demanding of him what was become of David.

Verses 27-29. - On the morrow, which was the second day of the month. Hebrew, "on the morrow of the new moon, the second day." David's absence on the second day made Saul aware that it was no accident, and he demands of Jonathan the reason; whereupon he gives the excuse previously arranged, adding that it was David's brother who had required his attendance. The Septuagint has brothers , being offended at the singular, because Jesse was still alive. But as the festival was not confined to Jesse's household, his brother might very properly be the convener, without usurping his father's place. Let me get away. Literally, "let me escape," "let me get off," a light, half jocose way of speaking adopted by Jonathan, as if the matter were a mere trifle. 1 Samuel 20:27

(27) On the morrow. —David’s continued absence on the second day of the feast awoke Saul’s suspicion, and he asked his son, who was sitting by him, what was the reason of his friend’s absence, aware that no accident connected with ceremonial defilement would keep him away two following days.

Which was the second day of the month, or, on the morrow of the new moon, being the second day; either, 1. Of the three days appointed, 1 Samuel 20:5,19 . Or, 2. Of the feast. Or, 3. Of the month. Saul said unto Jonathan, who was David’s friend, and best knew his mind and his ways. He calls him the son of Jesse, in scorn and contempt, to note the meanness of his original; and as not deigning to call him by his proper name: see below, 1 Samuel 22:9 25:10 . Neither yesterday, nor to-day; for the uncleanness which came by some chance usually lasted but for one day. See Le 11 .

27. on the morrow, which was the second day of the month—The time of the moon's appearance being uncertain—whether at midday, in the evening, or at midnight, the festival was extended over two days. Custom, not the law, had introduced this. Saul said unto Jonathan his son, Wherefore cometh not the son of Jesse—The question was asked, as it were, casually, and with as great an air of indifference as he could assume. And Jonathan having replied that David had asked and obtained his permission to attend a family anniversary at Beth-lehem [Ac 20:28, 29], the pent-up passions of the king burst out in a most violent storm of rage and invective against his son.

But on the second day, the day after the new moon (lit., the morrow after the new moon, the second day: השּׁני is a nominative, and to be joined to ויהי, and not a genitive belonging to החדשׁ), when David was absent from table again, Saul said to Jonathan, "Why is the son of Jesse not come to meat, neither yesterday nor to-day?" Whereupon Jonathan answered, as arranged with David (compare 1 Samuel 20:28 and 1 Samuel 20:29 with 1 Samuel 20:6 ). "And my brother, he hath commanded me," i.e., ordered me to come. צוּה as in Exodus 6:13 , and אחי, the elder brother, who was then at the head of the family, and arranged the sacrificial meal.

This section is important as showing that David, the younger son of a not very opulent family 1 Samuel 16:11 , 1 Samuel 16:20 , had now become a large landed proprietor, as well as a capitalist, possessed of much moveable wealth. We may perhaps see the sources of both these kinds of property, in the successful wars which he had waged 1 Samuel 27:8-9 ; 1 Samuel 30:20 ; 2 Samuel 8:4 , 2 Samuel 8:7-8 , 2 Samuel 8:12 ; in the revenue derived from subject kings 1 Samuel 8:2 , 1 Samuel 8:14 ; 1 Samuel 10:19 ; and in the purchase and occupation of lands in different places. Further, he enjoyed, of course, the usual rights of a Jewish king over the landed property of his subjects, and was thus entitled to receive a tithe of the produce in tithes ( 1 Samuel 8:15 , 1 Samuel 8:17 ) and in "benevolences." Compare 1 Samuel 10:27 ; 1 Samuel 16:20 , etc. 1 Chronicles 27:25 The castles - Probably the watchtowers in the border districts, exposed to raids from the plundering tribes of the desert 2 Chronicles 26:10; 2 Chronicles 27:4.

This section is important as showing that David, the younger son of a not very opulent family 1 Samuel 16:11 , 1 Samuel 16:20 , had now become a large landed proprietor, as well as a capitalist, possessed of much moveable wealth. We may perhaps see the sources of both these kinds of property, in the successful wars which he had waged 1 Samuel 27:8-9 ; 1 Samuel 30:20 ; 2 Samuel 8:4 , 2 Samuel 8:7-8 , 2 Samuel 8:12 ; in the revenue derived from subject kings 1 Samuel 8:2 , 1 Samuel 8:14 ; 1 Samuel 10:19 ; and in the purchase and occupation of lands in different places. Further, he enjoyed, of course, the usual rights of a Jewish king over the landed property of his subjects, and was thus entitled to receive a tithe of the produce in tithes ( 1 Samuel 8:15 , 1 Samuel 8:17 ) and in "benevolences." Compare 1 Samuel 10:27 ; 1 Samuel 16:20 , etc. 1 Chronicles 27:25 The castles - Probably the watchtowers in the border districts, exposed to raids from the plundering tribes of the desert 2 Chronicles 26:10; 2 Chronicles 27:4.